![]() In 1840 Joseph Petzval, a Professor of Mathematics at Vienna University, designed a portrait lens that was twenty times faster than the Chevalier lenses fitted to the first Daguerreotype cameras. The long exposure times made taking portraits difficult and usually required the subject to be seated and the head held steady with neck braces. The first Daguerreotype cameras introduced in 1839 were fitted with simple slow-speed lenses, and this made exposure times long, from two to ten minutes or more, even in bright sunlight.
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